Looking to the Future: Thailand's Electric Vehicles and the Environment

Abstract

This paper analyzed environment impact from electric vehicles (EVs) penetration in Thailand. Although considered as an environmental friendly vehicle due to non-fossil fuel consumption, EV charging consumes power produced by fossil-fuel power plants, and could cause indirect environmental impact. Modified Dynamic Programing (MDP) is employed to perform generation scheduling (GS). Generation costs and CO2 emissions are compared, considering seasonal variation, EV penetration rate and charging schemes, and application of TOU tariff. The results show that EVs could cause higher production cost, average cost and CO2 emissions. Charging EV during TOU causes lower cost and CO2 emissions than Non-TOU for all cases. The higher penetration of EVs causes higher cost and emissions. Policy from utilities are required to encourage EV owners to charge their EVs under TOU. © 2019 IEEE.